Monday, June 5, 2017

Bhagavad Gita: 1) Arjuna's Grief

OM

This page tells the beginning installment of an amazing story occurring in the midst of a battle field, long long ago. I am only re-writing (the translation of) this wonderful story on this blog. Originally written in Sanskrit, the Bhagavad Gita, even though conceived as a religious text, is an entire coded system in itself for any human being (irrespective of cast, creed, sex and religion) to become perfect. While the Bhagavad Gita has been been translated into English by many great authors, I have mostly referred to the version of Swami Chinmayanada Ji. This page - and the 17 others in this series/story - are dedicated, with great respect, to the author of the most amazing book (according to me) ever written, Sage Vyasa.

The scene tells about king Dhritarashtra talking to Sanjaya about the current state of affairs at the battlefield of Kurukshetra where the 2 armies of Pandavas and Kauravas have assembled.  

1.    Arjuna Vishada Yoga 

1)      DHRITARASHTRA:
Sanjaya, tell me what happened at Kurukshetra, the field of dharma, where my family and the pandavas gathered to fight

2)      SANJAYA:
Having surveyed the forces of pandavas arrayed for battle, prince Duryodhana approached his teacher, Drona and spoke
3)      O my teacher, look at this mighty army of Pandavas, assembled by your own gifted disciple, Yudhishtira
4)      There are heroic warriors and great archers who are the equals of Bhima and Arjuna: Yuyudhana; Virata; the mighty Drupada;
5)      Dhrishtaketu; Chekitana; The valiant king of Kashi; Purujit; kuntibhoja; the great leader Shaibya;
6)      The powerful yudhamanyu; The valiant Uttamaujas; and the son of Shubhadra, in addition to sons of Draupadi. All these command mighty chariots.
7)      O Best of Brahmins, listen to the names of those who are distinguished among our own forces:
8)      Bhishma; Karna; and the victorious Kripa; Ashvatthama; Vikarna; and the son of somaddatta;
9)      There are many others too, heroes giving up their lives for my sake, all proficient in war and armed with a variety of weapons
10)   Our army is unlimited and commanded by Bhishma; theirs is small and commanded by bhima
11)   Let everyone take his proper place and stand firm supporting Bhishma!
12)   Then the powerful Bhishma, the grandsire, oldest of all the kurus, in order to cheer duryodhana, roared like a lion and blew his conch horn
13)   And after Bhishma, a tremendous noise arose of conchs and cow horns and pounding on drums.
14)   Then Madhava (Sri Krishna) and Pandava (Arjuna), who were standing in a mighty chariot yoked with white horses, blew their divine conches.
15)   Panchajanya was blown by Hrishikesha (Sri Krishna), and Devadatta by Dhananjaya (Arjuna). Vrikodara (Bhima), terrible in action, blew his great conch Paundra
16)   The king Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, blew Anatavijaya and Nakula and Sahadeva blew Sughosha and Manipushpaka
17)   The supreme archer King of Kashi, the great warrior Shikhandi, Dhrishtadyumna, Virata, and the unconquered Satyaki…
18)   …Drupada, all the sons of Draupadi… O Lord of the earth (Dhritarashtra)… and the mighty armed son of Subhadra all blew their respective conches.
19)   The tumultuous roar sounded in the sky and the earth and rent the hearts of Dhritarashtra’s men.
20)   Then… O Lord of the earth (Dhritarashtra)… Seeing Dhritarashtra’s men standing arrayed, about to begin battle, Pandava (Arjuna), whose ensign is (Hanuman) raised his bow and spoke these words to Hrishikesha (Sri Krishna)

21)   ARJUNA:
Place my chariot,  Achyuta (Sri Krishna) between the 2 armies..
22)   .. that I may survey those standing there desirous to fight, with whom in the great battle, I must fight.
23)   I wish to observe carefully, those who are assembled here, about to do battle, wishing to please the evil minded son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana) in waging war.

24)   SANJAYA:
Thus addressed by Gudakesha (Arjuna)… O Bharata… Hrishikesha (Sri Krishna) stationed the great chariot between both armies…
25)   …in front of Bhishma and Drona and all the rulers of Earth and said: “Behold Partha (Arjuna), all those Kurus assembled together”
26)   Partha saw, standing there, fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, also friends…
27)   …father-in-law and also friends in both armies. He, kaunteya (Arjuna – son of Kunti), seeing all these relatives standing there was filled by deep compassion, and sorrowfully said:
28)   “Seeing these relatives… Krishna… arrayed here and eager to fight
29)    …my limbs fail me and my mouth is dry. My body trembles and my hair stands on end…
30)   … Gandiva (Bow) slips from my hand and my skin burns all over. I am not able to stand and my mind seems to be whirling.
31)   I see adverse omens… Keshava (Sri Krishna)… and I can foresee no good in killing our own people in battle.
32)   I do not desire victory, kingship or pleasures… Krishna… What is kingship to us…? Govinda (Sri Krishna)… what are enjoyments or even life?
33)    Those for whose we desire kingship, enjoyment and pleasures stand here drawn up for battle, giving up their lives and wealth.
34)   Teachers, fathers, sons, as also grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers in law, grandsons, brothers in law, as well as kingmen…
35)   …I wish not to kill these… Madhusudhana (Sri Krishna)… even if I am killed, even for the sake of dominion over the 3 worlds, let alone for the sake of the Earth.
36)   What pleasure would there be for us having slain the sons of Dhritarashtra, Janardana (Sri Krishna)? Evil alone would take hold of us having killed these wicked people.
37)   Therefore we are not justified in killing our relatives, the sons of Dhritarashtra. Indeed, having killed our kinsmen, how could we be happy, Madhava (Sri Krishna)?
38)   Though they, through reason overpowered by greed, see no evil in the destruction of families, no sin in hostility to friends…
39)   …why should we not learn to turn away from this evil… Janardana (Sri Krishna)… clearly seeing evil in the destruction of a family?
40)  In the destruction of a family, ancient family dharmas perish. With the destruction of these dharmas, the whole family is overcome by adharma.
41)  From the growth of adharma, the women of the family become corrupt and from the corruption in women, O Varshneya (Sri Krishna)… arises confusion of varna.
42)  Such confusion leads the family, also slayers of the family, to hell and the ancestors, deprived of rites for the dead, also fail.
43)  Because of the evil deed of those who destroy families causing the confusion of varnas, the eternal dharmas of caste and family are destroyed.
44)  We have heard of the men whose family dharma is destroyed inevitably dwelling for an unknown period in hell, O Janadana (Sri Krishna)
45)  Alas, we are intending to do a great evil. Through greed for pleasures of a kingdom, we are prepared to kill our kinsmen.
46) If the sons of Dhritarashtra, weapons in hand, should slay me, un-resisting and unarmed in the battle, that would be better.
47)   SANJAYA:
      Having thus said on the battlefield, with a mind distressed with sorrow, Arjuna sat down on the seat of the chariot and cast down his bow and arrow.

Thus ends the 1st chapter of Bhagavad Gita.

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